Seguimiento de la calidad y cantidad de los retornos de riego en Riegos del Alto Aragón. Estado de la cuestión

Publishe

Evaluation of best management practices under intensive irrigation using SWAT model

39 Pags., 8 Tabls., 3 Figs. The definitive version is available at: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/03783774Land management practices such as conservation tillage and optimum irrigation are routinely used to reduce non-point source pollution and improve water quality. The calibrated and validated SWAT-IRRIG model is the first modified SWAT version that reproduces well the irrigation return flows (IRF) when the irrigation source is outside of the watershed. The application of this SWAT version in intensive irrigated systems permits to better evaluate the best management practices (BMPs) in such systems. This paper evaluates several BMPs on IRF, total suspended sediment (TSS), organic P (ORG_P), soluble P (SOL_P), and total P (TP) at the outlet Del Reguero stream watershed (Spain). Economic impacts of the BMPs on crop gross margin were also evaluated. In total, 20 BMPs scenarios were tested. The BMPs proposed considered tillage (conservation and no-tillage), fertilizer application (incorporated, recommended, and reduced), and irrigation (adjusted to crop needs). The measured data series corresponding to 2008 and 2009 years were considered to estimate IRF, TSS, ORG_P, SOL_P and TP losses as a reference to assess the effects of the considered BMPs. The results indicate that the best individual BMP (adjusted irrigation water use) reduced IRF by 31.4%, TSS loads by 33.5% and TP loads by 12.8%. When individual BMPs were combined, the load reductions were even increased. The BMP scenario combining optimum irrigation application, conservation tillage and reduced P fertilizer dose was the best, leading to a TP load reduction of about 22.6%. For corn and alfalfa, the best BMP scenario was the combination between conservation tillage and reduced P fertilizer dose, increasing the crop gross margin by 309 € ha−1 and 188 € ha−1, respectively. For sunflower and barley, the best scenario combined the adjusted irrigation water use, conservation tillage and reduced P fertilizer dose (gross margin increase of 171 € ha−1 and 307 € ha−1, respectively).This work has been financed by La Caixa, the General Community of Alto Aragon Irrigation Districts and the Spanish National Research Plan I+D+i (project AGL2010-21681-C03-03). We thank the Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA) for awarding Ahmed Skhiri a predoctoral fellowshipPeer reviewe

Evaluation Of BMPs Scenarios For Minimizing Phosphorus And Sediments Transport In Sprinkler Irrigation System

Simulation models are useful tools to quantify the effects of best management practices (BMPs). After SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) adaptation and calibration for intensive irrigated watershed, it has been used to evaluate the impact of several (BMPs) on water yield (WYLD), total suspended sediment (TSS), organic P (ORG_P), soluble P (SOL_P), and total P (TP) at the outlet of the Del Reguero stream watershed (Spain). Economic impacts of the BMPs on crop gross margin were also evaluated. In total, 6 individual scenarios and 14 combinations of various management practices including tillage (conservation and no-tillage), fertilizer (incorporated, recommended, and zero), and irrigation (adjusted to crop needs) were been tested. Results indicate that the best individuals BMPs (adjusted irrigation water use BMP) reduced WYLD to 31.4%, TSS loads 33.5%, and TP loads to 12.8%, in comparison of the initial conditions. When individual BMPs were combined, the percentage reductions of losses were increased. The BMPs combination between optimum irrigation application, conservation tillage and reduced P fertilizer dose was the best analysed one with a TP loads reduction about 22.6%. For corn and alfalfa, the best BMP scenario was the combination between conservation tillage and reduced P fertilizer dose, reaching an increase of gross margin by 309 € ha-1and 188 € ha-1, respectively. While for sunflower and barley, the best scenario was the combination between irrigation adjustment, conservation tillage and reduced P fertilizer dose. The increase of gross margin under this BMP was about 171 € ha-1and 307 € ha-1, respectively.Publishe

Indicateur de risque de contamination de l´eau par le phosphore (IRCE-P): manuel d´utilization des algorithmes de l´IRCE-P

Autora colaboradora: Dechmi, Farida. IRCE_P Algorithme général. Section 1, p. 3-6. Dechmi, Farida. Transport-Hydrologie. Section 3, p. 60-63. Dechmi, Farida. Drainage de surface. Section 3.3, p. 75-78. Dechmi, Farida. Drainage souterrain. Section 3.4, p. 79-85. Dechmi, Farida. Indice topographique. Section 3.5, p. 86-91.Ce projet fait partie du programme national d’analyse et de rapport sur la santé agroenvironnementale (PNARSA) du cadre stratégique pour l’agriculture (CSA) des gouvernements fédéraux, provinciaux et territoriaux (2003-2008)

Adaptation of the Phosphorus Index to irrigated areas in the middle Ebro Basin. Las Filadas watershed case study (Huesca, Spain)

1 copia .pdf del Póster original presentado en el 6th International Phosphorus Workshop (IPW6), organizado por Universidad de Sevilla, Universidad de Córdoba y la Universidad de Santiago de Compostela. Contiene 1 Tabl. y Figs. Este Póster formó parte también del evento divulgativo "Una exposición sobre Agua, ciencia y tecnología”: Ejemplares sobre el “agua para riego en las colecciones documentales de la EEAD-CSIC" (2013). Ver en: http://digital.csic.es/handle/10261/87346In semi-arid irrigation areas, one of the most important surface water quality problems is nutrient pollution from agriculture through irrigation return flows, which can lead to their eutrophication. The element that most frequently limits the growth of aquatic vegetation is phosphorus (P) that may cause eutrophication above certain thresholds. Several management models for phosphorus diffuse pollution by agriculture are available currently, some of which resort to the use of indices. An index of phosphorus risk loss (PI) is a (usually) numerical value that weighs in a qualitative way the risk of water pollution by P associated to the farming practices and the soil and meteorological conditions in a zone. For that purpose, a PI must account for and integrate the processes involved in P availability and transport. In this work, a new PI (called IPreg) has been developed for the irrigated area within “Las Filadas” gully watershed (Huesca, Spain).Peer reviewe

DSSAT model as a tool for water and nitrogen management in intensive irrigated areas: calibration and validation [poster]

The DSSAT model has been used worldwide to simulate crop biomass and yield, and soil N dynamics under different management practices and various climatic conditions (Li et al., 2015). There is a continuous need to test and update the models under a wide range of environments and cropping practices (López‐Cedrón et al., 2008). This study was focused on the evaluation of the performance of CERES‐Maize to study the response (total biomass, grain yield and N uptake) of irrigated maize to different soil nitrogen availability under semi‐arid condition

Gestión agronómica y medioambiental del regadío del Valle Medio del Ebro: evaluación de las buenas prácticas en el maíz

Existe una preocupacio´n creciente por la contaminacio´n de las aguas superficiales y subterra´neas por nitratos proveniente de los sistemas agri´colas, debido a sus efectos nocivos sobre la salud humana y la eutrofizacio´n de las aguas continenta- les y costeras. Adema´s, la fertilizacio´n nitrogenada excesiva conduce a mayores emisiones de o´xido nitroso, un gas con un potente efecto invernadero. En Arago´n, la degradacio´n de la calidad de las aguas superficiales y subterra´neas se ha manifestado por un aumento del 34% de la superficie agraria declarada como vulnerable del 2013 al 2018 (IGEAR, 2019). La modernizacio´n de los regadi´os ha disminuido la masa de nitrato que se pierde por lavado. Sin embargo, sigue siendo necesario un manejo ma´s eficiente de los insumos de produc- cio´n de los principales cultivos que permita aumentar o man- tener los rendimientos agri´colas y asegurar la sostenibilidad de los sistemas agrarios, especialmente en las regiones a´ridas y semia´ridas como el Valle Medio del Ebro, donde el regadi´o es ba´sico para tener una agricultura competitiva y rentable. El cultivo de mai´z sigue teniendo una gran importancia en los grandes sistemas regables de Arago´n, y se caracteriza por un elevado potencial productivo (+15 t/ha de grano) y con unas necesidades elevadas de fertilizante nitrogenado para conseguir alcanzar esos altos rendimientos. El objetivo de este trabajo es evaluar distintos escenarios de manejo de la dosis del agua de riego y de la fertilizacio´n nitrogenada en el cultivo de mai´z (Foto 1) para determinar sus impactos medioambientales y determinar las pra´cticas ma´s adecuadas que permiten minimizar la contaminacio´n por nitratos, pero manteniendo un rendimiento adecuado de los cultivos